Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a rare type of kidney disease that causes scarring in the filters of the kidneys. The filters, called glomeruli, are responsible for removing waste products from the blood and filtering them out into the urine. When the glomeruli are scarred, they are unable to filter the blood effectively, which can lead to kidney failure.
FSGS can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Genetics: Some people are born with a genetic predisposition to FSGS.
- Viral infections: Some viruses, such as HIV and hepatitis B, have been linked to FSGS.
- Medications: Some medications, such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus, can cause FSGS.
- Autoimmune diseases: FSGS can sometimes be a complication of autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and diabetes.
The symptoms of FSGS can vary depending on the severity of the disease. Some people may have no symptoms at all, while others may experience:
- Swelling in the feet, ankles, legs, or around the eyes
- Protein in the urine (proteinuria)
- Low levels of protein in the blood (hypoproteinemia)
- High blood pressure
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Vomiting
If you have any of these symptoms, it is important to see a doctor to get a diagnosis. There is no cure for FSGS, but treatment can help slow the progression of the disease and prevent kidney failure. Treatment options for FSGS include:
- Medications: Medications such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) can help to lower blood pressure and reduce proteinuria.
- Dialysis: If kidney failure does occur, dialysis can be used to remove waste products from the blood and maintain fluid balance.
- Kidney transplant: A kidney transplant may be an option for people with advanced FSGS.
The prognosis for FSGS varies depending on the severity of the disease and the response to treatment. Some people with FSGS are able to live with the disease for many years without any major complications. However, others may progress to kidney failure and require dialysis or a kidney transplant.
If you have been diagnosed with FSGS, it is important to work with your doctor to develop a treatment plan that is right for you. With proper medical care, many people with FSGS can live long and healthy lives.